Bees  c



nnnn c; ooinnr Ann .roenrn o. WHITING, on er. LOUIS, ass'ionons To METALMMUFAIETURING COMPANY, SAID GOMPANY ASSIGNQR OF ONE-HALF OF ST. LOUIS,MISSOURI; AND ITS RIGHT TO LALANGE AND GROEEJEANMANUFACTURING UOMPANL-OFNEW YORK CITY. N. Y.

lMPFlh'ElWEN'l' ilhl PRQC$$ES DF ENAMELING METAL WARE.

Bpaeitfioatioh forming r li'li of Lettern Patent No. hfidfi'hlh, datedNovember 28,1876; application filed August 30, 1876.

-lion of the name.

By our. improved proeese we are enabled to. produce an enameledwrought-iron in which the union of the iron and the enamel is so intimate and tenacious that they may almost be eaid to be amalgamated andthis we accomplinh by dissolving out iron from the surface,

so as to exnose snob parte of the surface as will adhere to the enamel,and annealing no as to ha and toughen the fiber, in order that theenamel will adhere to all parts. This anhealing is an essential andimportantl'eature of our invention. 'ro non-fibrons-that is to say,cast-iron. our invention is not applicable.

Fibrous iron, at a dull red heat,itdieeolved in aetrealn of chlorine,volatilizee, leavinghe bind a skeleton of the exact shape of the originai. piece. This residuum has considerable tenacity, nearly nesembleedark green bottle glass, and in an insoluble compound of melted oxide ofiron, silica, and alumina. This for ro-eilicious matter, than shown tobe intimately'inwronght in wrought-iron, and which in the mechanical.foundation of ite fiber, we make the basis of our enameling process. itis not a caprioioue dieeemination, but it varies in quantity andconstituents in difi'erent irons. it is tbereihre'eseential, in compounding enamels for wrought-iron, to know some what of the character andquantity of thin for ro-silieious matter in the iron.

Overmamin his work, Manufacture of Iron, says: Were it practicallypossible to make a cinder of potash, soda, and silex, and mix it withany kind of metal,--that is, any kindofpigironhowever had it may be inour estimation, the bar resulting would be strong,

its fibere durable, and it could be welded with ease. Potash, soda, andsilex, in one or air otherof theirforms, eitherseparately orin somecombination with each other, enter largely'into all enamels intended foriron. Consequently, were it practically possible to make iron of, thefibrous texture contemplated by Overnnan,

we would have, we think itreasonable toconelude, an article best suitedboth for shaping and enameling; and some such adjustmenhasto fiber, isdemanded by that branch of 0illbll8lnees which relates to the euamelingof pressed, stamped, or otherwise fashioned wrought sheets. As thisadjustment has not yet been effected, enameling of wrought-ironies'till,in part, empirical. tain Iron intended for pressing or stomping cannotbe made to carry afiinities enough, to bind, in closest union withitselfiavery thick enamel, for, when they are introduced; beyond aproportion undetermined as yet, its enamelingquality is increased at theexpense of its stamping quality.

In order that the combination may be the most thoroughly effected wetakecarelt expond and open the metal as much as possible,

in. order to present its extraneous matter,

{above described as ferro-silicious and interfibrons,) in the mosttangible form andwo do this, in part, by heating or annealing the iron.The annealing of iron is not, we know,

a new thing, The annealing of east-iron, pre-. f

naratory to enameling the same, has been in public one a long time.

From the foregoing it will be seen that all the operations for formingthe article which have the effect of straining, compressingaud hardeningthe sheet-iron are to be formed in the usual way. Bnt,-if left in thiscondition the enamel would not adhere. By the anneal ing process twoeffects are produced: First, all unequal strains in different parts ofthe sheet are neutralized and, second, thepores of. the metal areexpanded. Bythe, pickling procees the. hard and partially-attachedscales are separated, and thetibers of theirou brought out. Theferro-silicious matter is also dowel: oped in a clean and expoeed mannerso that.

, when the enamel is applied-it will'ooin loo aud- This much,however-,fis cor .u'sc.- or be injured by excessive heat.

enamel will then hereallypart of the entire shew-iron and wire.

s m teases".

and will be unafl'ected by excessive acids of any description, and willnotflake oi? v gth he sheet or article-as the tin in tin-coatediron. Theenamel will he as firmly attached over the turned "or wired edges as inany part, and

'the articlewill be farmore flexihle,and lessli able to have the enamelbreak, check, or sepa-' rate than .in the articles from which ourtreatment has been omitted,

We do not claim any special compositions .for the enamel, as we may emp0y such as have depend upon 'thecharacter of the iron and thicknessofthe sheet but can always be ascertained by inspecting the surface, so asto judge when-the interfibrous ferro-silicious mat" ter is fully exposedand thefiher developed.

, The annealingmay be carried out in any of the usual-modes employed bythe workers .in

The. following is the mode of carrying out the invention Having beenannealed, the a r ticle. is put'into abath, such as generally used for,removing scale from iron, is carefully scoured, and afterward thoroughlywashed to remove anyacid which may remain from the hath, .Itis thendipped in a liquid ehamel, prepared so as to meet the conditions setforth above, after which it is left to dry slowly. A

drying-room is not essential. An ordinary temperature of 65 or 75 willdo. Solar heat is as good as any. The'resnlt is, an enamel which adheresto the iron with extreme tense ity, bonding with it to a degree, andforming so much a part of it that the enameled'artiole maybe cut withshears and. the enamel hardly injured along the! line of the cuttingWhen made from uncolored glassit is, in color, dark beneath, but itsgeneral appearance will depend much upon the thickness of the enamel. Asmay be seen, however, the reliablycoherent and thinnest coat is black.The striee or spots which appear are developments of thisfoundation-black through the lessper: fectly incorporated or combineduncolored enamel, and they will be more or less, as the enamel isthinner or thicker-or, in other words, as the union between the enameland the iron is more or less comprehensive. The

general arrangement is along the fiber-lines,- and is determined by thesame ferro-silicious matter which determines or brings out the fibers,and, as we have shown, supplies the bond between the metal and theenamel.

The operations of pickling and annealing should be repeated as manytimes ,as mechanical operations are applied' to change the texture,hardness, or surface of the article.

Having thus described our invention, what we claim, and desireto'secureby Letters Patent,is--- e 4 1. .The process herein described forpredileing enameled sheet-iron articles, consistingin formingthe articleby stamping and shaping in the usual way, and then annealing andpickling prior to applying the enamel, snbstan -tially as set forth anddescribed.

2. The method herein described for causing the enamel to adhere upon theturned-over edges of the enameled sheet-iron vessels, consisting inrepeating the; operation of annealing and pickling after the edge hasbeen turned,and p'ricr to the application of the enamel, substantiallyas set forth.

'ALEX. JLTnomsotr. Jo'ss'rn E. WARE.

